And voila, the lost city of Ubar, became no more lost. No sooner did the NASA announce the discovery, the place was swarming with the explorers to unveil the truth. Ubar is a legendary lost city in the Southern Desert of the Arabian Peninsular thought to have been destroyed by a natural disaster or punishment from God. The following radar picture taken by the Radar system the atlantis of the sands in 1983, nicholas clapp, an amateur archeologist and the documentary filmmaker embarked to south of oman on a mission to find the lost city in arabia called ubar. After around 10 years of efforts put in by them, the site was discovered. Sooner, Nicholas found himself working with Geologist, Ron Blom, on this project. He immediately put in a call to NASA to find out the feasibility. Nicholas Clapp wondered whether the same system could be used to search for the lost city of Ubar. It all started when aerial radar system discovered mayan ruins buried within America. A Bengali worker we would later get to know as Sarin would welcome us. The Lost City of Ubar: The True Story of The Atlantis of the Sands Stuff They. There were on-going construction and excavation everywhere but in a distance, stone walls rise from the sand. “It is just amazing you can see the old rivers underneath the sand and things of that sort”, said Astronaut Jeff Wisoff who was on the flight. A few steps away, one of the excavators’ offices shouts Welcome to the Lost City of Ubar. However, in the 1990’s during the NASA’s flight STS-68 (Space Transportation System – 68) , the site was uncovered. The annals of world history are filled with intriguing, although often outlandish stories of lost cities and kingdoms, and in addition to Atlantis. They plan to steal a priceless statue Golden Dragon during the martial arts. They started to believe the city never existed for real. A group of gentlemen of fortune visits a legendary Lost City, located in Tibet. Many archaeologists have tried unearth the place but only in vain. Lost city of Ubar is widely believed to be a magnificent place with streets paved with gold. Quran describes it as the city of Iram, meaning the many column city.
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Us to quickly get the node with the lowest frequency as we build our huffman tree, Note: We are using a module called heapq in the code below. The image below illustrates this process. The accumulated zeros and ones at each leaf constitute a Huffman encoding for those symbols. Root of the tree to the leaf holding the given character, assigning and accumulatingĪ '0' when following a left edge and a '1' when following a right edge. Then the code for each character can be obtained by following the path from the When only one Huffman tree remains, it represents an optimal encoding.Repeatedly choose two minimum-frequency Huffman trees and join them together intoĪ new Huffman tree whose frequency is the sum of their frequencies.Construct leaf Huffman trees for each character/frequency pair.Given a set ofĬharacters and their associated frequencies, we can build an optimal Huffman tree The first step of Huffman encoding is building the Huffman tree. Edge - Connection between one node to another.Internal node - A node with at least one child.Parent - An internal node has one or more child nodes and is called the.Of a value, together with a list of references to child nodes. So let's first do a brief review of trees.Ī tree is a collection of nodes, where each node is a data structure consisting Read the codes for each of the specified characters. Huffman encoding initially creates a tree of nodes and then utilizes this tree to So that symbols with higher frequency have fewer bits in their encoding. The Huffman coding scheme takes each symbol and its frequency of occurrence,Īnd generates proper encodings for each symbol taking account of the frequency of each symbol, In real life, spaces matter and you do want to give We just chose not to as we can still communicate the basic principles Really isn't anything special about spaces and we could easily determine a wordĬode for space. Note: While we ignored whitespaces in the above examples, there Furthermore, this encoding is optimal for any string that has the sameĪ method to define such an optimal coding scheme was developed by David Huffman and In fact, it can be proven that this particular encoding is optimalįor this string: no other encoding can represent the string using less thanģ4 bits. This is clearly much better than the ASCIIĮncoding. Non-whitespace characters in the string "more free coffee" would be: Three prefixes (1, 10, and 101), there are no characters with that encoding.Ĭan you think why this is an important feature?Īccording to the encoding we have specified above, the representation for the For instance, m is encoded above as 1010, and for it's Notice that the above encoding is prefix-free : no code word is a prefix of any What if we allowed ourselves to useĪ variable length encoding ? In that case we can take advatage of special properties ofĭata, such as letter frequency, by assigning shorter codes to characters thatįor example, consider using the following code: Same number of bits ( fixed-length encoding ). When using the ASCII encoding we confine ourselves to representing each character using the So the string "more free coffee" would be encoded in ASCII as: Subset of the standard ASCII table: Character Ignoring spaces, this string can be represented So for example let's consider an encoding for the non-whitespace characters Under the ASCII encoding, each character is represented using 8 bits, so a string of length n requires 8n bits of storage. We have learned about ASCII codes to represent individual characters. Sort of encoding with which to represent it. Whenever we represent data in a computer, we need to choose some Huffman Encoding: Accessibility Application.CMU 15-112: Fundamentals of Programming and Computer ScienceĬlass Notes: Data Compression with Huffman Encoding About what man must do when confronted with the futility of our existence. This existential crisis was exquisitely articulated in the literary essay, “ The Myth of Sisyphus.” An essay about man’s choices in the face of absurdity-that is, a world without meaning or a benevolent God. But what happens when the scope is greater-when the disillusionment runs deeper, to the core of not just who you are, but what it is to be alive?Īlbert Camus, who was born as a Catholic and died an atheist, wrote for his entire life about the disparity and paradoxes of human effort. When discussing, Three Colors: Blue I considered the Aristotelian notion that life’s purpose is, “happiness.” And that ambiguity plays heavily in Julie’s decisions in the film. That is, even if you don’t believe in God, you understand that religion is on our minds when we consider our larger purpose. Because of that immersion, it’s very difficult to separate your answers about human purpose from even the slightest inklings of divine power. Most likely, you are reading this in a country heavily influenced by the propagation of Judeo-Christian tradition. A functional, objective purpose.Įcclesiastes, for it’s intense doubt of the worth of human effort is not a book that belongs in the Bible that we tend to associate with Christian thought. Like a hammer is used to build a house or a light bulb to illuminate, we want to find in ourselves a purpose. We dedicate ourselves to our work, to our faith and families, and yet we still find ourselves wondering: what is our purpose? I believe this is due to the pragmatic nature of humans. For an individual man, the daunting task of making sense of the time between birth and death is virtually impossible. Other situations can be for example at a pedestrian crossing. This may provoke them to overtake you which is especially dangerous if you intend on turning right. If the road ahead is clear, this may lead to confusion for the driver if they see only your brake lights. Likewise if an indicator bulb fails, especially a rear indicator, a hand signal is essential because if you are making a left or right turn, the driver behind will not know this if you are unable to signal. This is clearly dangerous, but if you’re in a position where you cannot leave the car, you must give drivers behind a hand signal to inform them that you are slowing or stopping. When we had stopped the car, a courteous driver kindly informed me that we had absolutely no brake lights. It’s unlikely that with modern reliable technology that the electronics or wiring that control external lights will fail on a vehicle, but it can happen. In fact it happened to me whilst teaching a learner driver. The most essential reason for the use of hand signals is if your vehicle has electronic signalling failure, or more commonly if an indicator bulb fails. The driving hand signals are as follows: Driving hand signals explainedĮxtend the right hand at shoulder level, palm facing forward, and rotate it in an anti-clockwise direction.Įxtend the right hand at shoulder level with palm facing forward.Įxtend the right hand at shoulder level with palm facing downward, and wave it downwards and upwards. Detailed are driving hand signals with diagrams and possible reasons why you need them. There are certain situations where knowing the appropriate driving hand signals may become helpful and in certain circumstances essential. However, hand signals are so infrequently used or needed in real-life driving that many driving instructors do in fact not even cover this part of the training process for their learner drivers. Part of the training process for driving instructors involves driving hand signals, which they convey to their learner drivers. The targets are a lot smaller from high altitude, too, but pulling it off is all the more satisfying. Most bombs can be dropped at low altitude, but the Grand Slam’s detonation is so large requires you to bomb from much higher up – so high that the cold can freeze your crew and a poor oxygen supply can result in quick asphyxiation. Another great mission type involves the Grand Slam, the biggest non-nuclear bomb used in the 20th century. It’s a tricky shot because it requires perfect timing, dropping the bomb when two circles in the targeting reticule overlap, but there’s nothing as exciting as blowing open a dam with a well-placed hit. One of my favorite mission types involves the Dam-Buster bomb, a weapon built during World War II that required bombers to fly dangerously close to the ground and skip bombs across the surface of a lake to hit their target. Some of the best missions have special requirements for completion. Space Crew: LE & Bomber Crew Deluxe Bundle You have to make that decision while you’re juggling other tasks like lining up the plane for a run, extinguishing engine fires, and resuscitating downed crewmates. It requires careful coordination: you can’t drop your bombs without opening the bay doors, but opening them too soon slows down your bomber and wastes precious fuel. Targeting enemy fighters, picking destinations, and lining up bombing runs all work the same way: press the middle mouse button to zoom out into targeting mode, find your target, and hold your sights on it until the circle is filled. Mcgraw- hill Mathematics Big Book Stories: Grade 1: Volume 1 by Macmillan/ Mcgraw- Hill School Division Paperback, Published 2000 by Mcgraw- Hill School Division ISBN-13: 978-0-02-100329-7, ISBN: 0-02-100329-7 McGraw Hill Mathematics (Workbook) Grade 5 : California Edition : Daily Homework Book Paperback, Published 2000 by Macmillan/ Mcgraw- Hill School ISBN-13: 978-0-02-100416-4, ISBN: 0-02-100416-1 McGraw- Hill Mathematics English Language Learner Handbook: 4 by Gunnar Carlsson, Ralph L. McGraw Hill Mathematics Grade 6 by Mcgraw Hill, Mcgraw hill 편집부 Hardcover, 70 Pages, Published 2002 by Macmillan/ Mcgraw- Hill School ISBN-13: 978-0-02-100129-3, ISBN: 0-02-100129-4 McGraw Hill Mathematics (1st Edition) Grade 4 by Mcgraw- Hill Education, Mcgraw hill 편집부 Hardcover, 578 Pages, Published 2002 by Macmillan/ Mcgraw- Hill School ISBN-13: 978-0-02-100127-9, ISBN: 0-02-100127-8 McGraw Hill Mathematics Grade 1 Gunnar Carlsson Ralph L. McGraw Hill Mathematics California Edition Grade 6 by And A. Mcgraw- hill Mathematics California Edition Daily Homework Practice (Grade 2) by Glencoe/ Mcgraw- Hill Paperback, 141 Pages, Published 2002 by Glencoe/ Mcgraw- Hill ISBN-13: 978-0-02-100413-3, ISBN: 0-02-100413-7 McGraw Hill Mathematics (California Edition, Level 3) by Gunnar Carlson, Ralph Cohen Hardcover, 644 Pages, Published 2002 by Mcgraw- Hill ISBN-13: 978-0-02-100614-4, ISBN: 0-02-100614-8 McGraw- Hill Mathematics (California Edition, Level 4) by Gunnar Carlsson, Cohen Carlsson Hardcover, 654 Pages, Published 2002 by Mcgraw- Hill ISBN-13: 978-0-02-100615-1, ISBN: 0-02-100615-6 Mcgraw- Hill Mathematics Teacher's Guide, Grade 4, Vol. Math (1st Edition) Grade 5 by Macmillan/ Mcgraw- Hill, Macmillan Hill, Mcgraw hill 편집부 Hardcover, 691 Pages, Published 2003 by Macmillan/ Mcgraw- Hill School ISBN-13: 978-0-02-104006-3, ISBN: 0-02-104006-0 Math Grade 3 by Macmillan Mcgraw Hill, Douglas H. Math Grade 4 by Macmillan Mcgraw Hill, Douglas H. The stitching part needs a special type of software, and that’s when these Panorama software or image stitching software come into picture. When you click the pictures, you have to make sure that fragments are overlapping a bit at the ends this helps creating seamless panorama images. Capturing an outspread landscape in a single shot is tough if you do not have a wide angle lens/camera, so you take multiple pictures of a landscape in fragments, then stitch them together. For those who have a very basic idea about it, a Panorama is basically a wide landscape captured in a single picture. If you have come here looking for a Panorama maker, then you must be familiar with the term Panorama. Desired output image size, quality, and format can also be set manually. In case you do not have a tripod, and the aligned output panorama is not rectangular, auto crop feature available in some of these free photo stitching software helps. With some of these Panorama software, projection of panorama can be changed, while some simply create a panorama without any extra options. The images are auto aligned, and some also let you manually align images. These software automatically take care of overlapping part of the images to create a nice looking big panoramic image.Īll you have to do is add the images to these panorama maker software for stitching. These Panorama maker software let you stitch images together to create a panorama. Here is a list of Best Free Panorama Software for Windows. ^ With the KV-1 sufficiently spruced-up to satisfy the clients (as you prep, paint, and fit components, a collection of progress bars edge towards “acceptable” green zones) I took on my first find-and-extract contract. By the time I'd purchased and fitted missing parts, and topped up various fluids in the engine bay, I'd probably lavished a good two hours on her. Once the rust removal was done, the pictured Soviet mole trembler required sandblasting and painting (primer and top coat) inside and out. ^ The demo, a hefty thing equipped with three tanks (KV-1, Sherman, and Tiger), will persuade you to undertake days of boilersuit-besmirching toil if you let it. Maturing too slowly for some, DeGenerals' novel work-in-progress has an eye-catching price tag ($16) and feature list (14 WW2 AFVs promised for the release version) but, more than two years after breaking cover, it's still at least five months away from completion. ^ Talking of WW2 armour, this is me happily scouring the iron oxide off a KV-1 in the soon-to-be-publicly-available Tank Mechanic Simulator demo. It's impossible to play it without picturing an ace WW2 armour game built around similar Jagged Alliance-style mechanics. The most complimentary thing I can say about Dead Hand is that it sows seeds like a Pottinger Aerosem 4002. A combination of bland environments, untidy collision detection, and repetitive combat against too-densely sprinkled adversaries meant I'd grown restless inside an hour. One Man Army Games' “turn-based tactical roguelike set in a fully destructible procedural environment” should have been right up my catacomb, but when push came to shove we didn't hit it off. ^ This is me not enjoying Dead Hand as much as I hoped I would. For every pic displayed below, seventy will, I'm ashamed to say, be slyly fly-tipped in worlds where sparrows are venerated and ladder-walking is an Olympic sport. Yes, some of them are put to good use illustrating articles about tank restoration and U-boat games (see on) but the vast majority end up littering parallel universes (one day a courageous computer scientist will come clean and explain how 'delete' actually works). I'm not overly proud of the tens of thousands of screenshots I generate each year. Long-distance lorry drivers = plastic bottles full of piss. The salt is used in order to prevent dictionary attacks and rainbow tables attacks. A salt is a random sequence added to the password string before using the hash function. In the following example we are hashing a password in order to store it in a database. You can then use the new and update methods: In this case, "DSA" is available on my computer. Using algorithms_available, we can find the name of the algorithm you want to use. Now suppose you need an algorithm provided by OpenSSL. Hash_object = hashlib.sha512(b'Hello World') Hash_object = hashlib.sha384(b'Hello World') Hash_object = hashlib.sha256(b'Hello World') Hash_object = hashlib.sha224(b'Hello World') Hash_object = hashlib.sha1(b'Hello World') Hash_object = hashlib.md5(mystring.encode()) Mystring = input('Enter String to hash: ') So, if you need to take some input from the console, and hash this input, do not forget to encode the string in a sequence of bytes: In previous versions of the library, it used to take a string literal. It is important to note the "b" preceding the string literal, this converts the string to bytes, because the hashing function only takes a sequence of bytes as a parameter. hexdigest returns a HEX string representing the hash, in case you need the sequence of bytes you should use digest instead. The code above takes the "Hello World" string and prints the HEX digest of that string. Hash_object = hashlib.md5(b'Hello World') algorithms_guaranteed only lists the algorithms present in the module. In this case you may see duplicate names in the list. The algorithms_available method lists all the algorithms available in the system, including the ones available trough OpenSSl. Now we use algorithms_available or algorithms_guaranteed to list the algorithms available. If you want to run this examples in Python 2.x, just remove the algorithms_available and algorithms_guaranteed calls. This code is made to work in Python 3.2 and above. hashlib implements some of the algorithms, however if you have OpenSSL installed, hashlib is able to use this algorithms as well. The hashlib module, included in The Python Standard library is a module containing an interface to the most popular hashing algorithms. The message length ranges from 160 bits to 512 bits. These algorithms are used widely in several cryptographic applications. SHA: Group of algorithms designed by the U.S's NSA that are part of the U.S Federal Information processing standard.It is not suitable for use in other fields due to the security vulnerabilities of MD5. This is widely used to check data integrity. MD5: Message digest algorithm producing a 128 bit hash value.Some of the most used hash functions are: I want to make clear that hash functions are not a cryptographic protocol, they do not encrypt or decrypt information, but they are a fundamental part of many cryptographic protocols and tools. As a Python programmer you may need these functions to check for duplicate data or files, to check data integrity when you transmit information over a network, to securely store passwords in databases, or maybe some work related to cryptography. Hash functions are used inside some cryptographic algorithms, in digital signatures, message authentication codes, manipulation detection, fingerprints, checksums (message integrity check), hash tables, password storage and much more. Now suppose you want to hash the string "Hello Word" with the SHA1 Function, the result is 0a4d55a8d778e5022fab701977c5d840bbc486d0. However depending on the algorithm, there is a possibility to find a collision due to the mathematical theory behind these functions. The value returned by a hash function is often called a hash, message digest, hash value, or checksum. Most of the time a hash function will produce unique output for a given input. This means if f is the hashing function, calculating f(x) is pretty fast and simple, but trying to obtain x again will take years. Last Updated: Wednesday 29 th December 2021Ī hash function is a function that takes input of a variable length sequence of bytes and converts it to a fixed length sequence. Finally select PeaZip as the default application to open these file formats. files, go to the Properties -> Open With tab. You may right-click on one of your RAR, ZIP, TAR, etc. Then click to open and install downloaded PeaZip binary via Software Center or Gdebi.ģ. Klik met de rechter muisknop op het gedownloade peazip-8.9.0. Klik op de koppeling RPM Qt5 om het RPM softwarepakket voor openSUSE te downloaden. When it opens, paste below command and run to install dependencies: sudo apt-get install libatk1.0-0:i386 libc6:i386 libcairo2:i386 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libgtk2.0-0:i386 libpango1.0-0:i386 libx11-6:i386 libcanberra-gtk-module:i386 De laatste versie van PeaZip installeer je als volgt: Surf naar de Linux download webpagina PeaZip. Windows PeaZip (64-bit) Adobe Captivate (32-bit) Free to try Create fully. So first open terminal from Unity Dash, App Launcher, or via Ctrl+Alt+T shortcut key. PeaZip (64-bit) Free Open, extract, and create 200+ archive types: ACE, CAB, DEB, ISO, PEA, RAR, TAR, WIM, ZIPX, XZ. msi installer for 64-bit Windows if you Continue reading Download 7Zip free and open-source file archiver Convert your 7z files. The “fix” is to simply install the 32bit dependency libraries on 64bit Ubuntu, and that’s how multiarch works. Download PeaZip (64-bit) for Windows to open, extract, and create 200+ archive types: ACE, CAB, DEB, ISO, PEA, RAR, TAR, WIM, ZIPX, XZ. The 64-bit package requires ia-32 libs, which is no available in Ubuntu since Ubuntu 13.10. PeaZip Portable Portable zip utility, open 7Z, RAR, TAR, ZIP PeaZip Free ZIP files utility, open 7Z RAR TAR ZIP MyGodMode. Open, convert and extract RAR 7Z ACE APK CAB BZ2 DMG ISO JAR GZ LHA PAQ PEA TAR ZIP ZIPX files, work with 150+ archive formats. For 32-bit machine just install the package and you’re done. PeaZip for Windows 64 bit is a free file archiver utility. The program features a powerful unified cross-platform. PeaZip is a freeware WinZip and WinRar alternative providing a complete and elegant general-purpose file archiver and File Manager Utility for Windows, Linux, and BSD.
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